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- <text id=92TT0518>
- <title>
- Mar. 09, 1992: Sex, Drugs and Mao Zedong
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Mar. 09, 1992 Fighting the Backlash Against Feminism
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BOOKS, Page 67
- Sex, Drugs and Mao Zedong
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Two new books show that Beijing's leaders were more ruthless--and corrupt--than even their enemies imagined
- </p>
- <p>By Bruce W. Nelan
- </p>
- <p> In Moscow the crimes of Stalin have been reported and
- officially confirmed for years. The unrepentant Chinese
- government is still much more secretive and reluctant to provide
- ammunition for its critics. But two new books--The New
- Emperors: China in the Era of Mao and Deng by Harrison E.
- Salisbury (Little, Brown; 544 pages; $24.95) and The Claws of
- the Dragon: Kang Sheng by John Byron and Robert Pack (Simon &
- Schuster; 560 pages; $27.50)--indicate that glasnost is
- coming, inexorably, to Beijing. They provide the most detailed
- and personal accounts so far of the chaos, cruelty and
- corruption that Mao Zedong's reign inflicted on the nation.
- </p>
- <p> Harrison Salisbury, the veteran New York Times
- correspondent and popular historian, comes right out and calls
- Mao an emperor--and not the first one to take power through
- a peasant rebellion. Precisely because Mao was a peasant, he was
- unprepared to govern China and modernize it. A "pseudo-Marxist"
- bored by statistics and budgets, Mao was interested mainly in
- class warfare and "mobilization of the masses," who he was
- convinced could do anything if properly exhorted.
- </p>
- <p> The New Emperors is based on dozens of interviews in China
- and scores of documents and memoirs. The reporting is set out
- so thoroughly that readers are prepared to believe its accounts
- not only of how Mao turned on his closest comrades but also that
- he was a satyr, pornography collector and drug addict.
- </p>
- <p> Salisbury writes soberly in staccato prose that "from the
- mid-1960s to the early 1970s"--the height of the bloody purges
- of the Cultural Revolution--"Mao's quarters sometimes swarmed
- with young women." The Great Helmsman staged nude water ballets
- in his swimming pool. "Art ensembles" and "dancing partners"
- were standing by wherever he went. One of Mao's doctors
- referred to him bluntly as "a sex maniac."
- </p>
- <p> The poet-guerrilla so idealized by "friends of China" had
- other, more public failings, and Salisbury charts them in
- detail. Impatient with the slow pace of economic development,
- Mao launched the catastrophic Great Leap Forward in 1958. The
- movement forced farmers into communes, abolished private
- property and set up backyard steel mills to speed China into the
- industrial age. By 1960 even seed grains were exhausted and
- millions were starving to death.
- </p>
- <p> When his old comrade Defense Minister Peng Dehuai told him
- the facts, Mao declared him an enemy, fired him and replaced
- him with Marshal Lin Biao (also apparently a drug addict). The
- country went bankrupt, and President Liu Shaoqi and Deng
- Xiaoping, General Secretary of the Communist Party, took over
- day-to-day control to restore the economy.
- </p>
- <p> Mao concluded that Liu and Deng planned to force him into
- retirement--and he may have been right. In 1965 Mao decided
- Liu "had to go." The weapon he chose was the Cultural
- Revolution, "a revolution against his own revolution." It was
- conducted by his harridan wife Jiang Qing and plotted by his
- favorite ideologist, security specialist and pimp, Kang Sheng.
- </p>
- <p> Jiang and Kang loosed the young Red Guards on a murderous
- rampage that destroyed Liu's government and Deng's party.
- Thousands, if not millions, were killed. Lin became Mao's heir,
- but soon fell under suspicion of trying to turn Mao into a
- powerless figurehead. To avoid his own arrest, Lin attempted a
- putsch that failed. Premier Zhou Enlai was left in charge, but
- he too ended up in Jiang's sights as she maneuvered to succeed
- Mao.
- </p>
- <p> Deng, purged twice during the Cultural Revolution, was
- finally returned to power in what Salisbury calls a military
- coup. One of the most powerful old marshals, Ye Jianying,
- brought his army colleagues together and decided that when Mao
- died, they would arrest Jiang and her cohort. Kang died of
- cancer in December 1975, and Zhou a month later. When Mao
- finally died at 82 in September 1976, Ye clapped the venomous
- widow into prison and summoned Deng from his rural exile.
- </p>
- <p> In The Claws of the Dragon, Byron and Pack focus on the
- career of the sinister Kang Sheng, relying mainly on an official
- Chinese biography that was prepared when Kang was posthumously
- expelled from the Communist Party in 1980. Pack is an
- investigative reporter, and Byron is the nom de plume of a
- "Western diplomat" who is apparently an intelligence officer.
- He picked up the internal document from a Chinese contact on a
- dark street in Beijing.
- </p>
- <p> Also buttressed by interviews and Chinese publications,
- The Claws of the Dragon describes Kang--a Politburo member
- and one of Mao's closest confidants--as an opportunist
- without principles, interested solely in power, and also as a
- torturer, creator of China's gulag and a habitual opium user.
- By the early 1940s, the head of the secret police had
- consolidated his control over the party's social-affairs
- department, which had a "liquidation" division: "So notorious
- was Kang's taste for inflicting pain...it earned him a
- title," the King of Hell. The authors compare him with Iago,
- Rasputin and Stalin's secret-police chief, Lavrenti Beria. In
- spite of the book's rather breathless style, the analogies seem
- apt.
- </p>
- <p> If glasnost is coming to Beijing, can demokratizatsia be
- far behind? Salisbury does not see it. Deng, a "moderate'' and
- pragmatist, was willing to shed as much blood as necessary to
- put down the Tiananmen Square democracy movement in 1989. His
- position, like Mao's, was "if he saw himself challenged, he was
- bound to destroy the challenger." The next emperor, Salisbury
- predicts, will probably be as pragmatic as Deng. But like Deng
- he will hold tightly to power and will be ready to order China,
- as emperors did in dynasties past, "Obey--and tremble."
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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